Publisher : IUCN
Place of publication : Gland, Switzerland
Publication year : 2019
Thematic : Protected Area Management
Language : English
Note
The IUCN categories are applicable to all types of protected
areas, whether terrestrial or marine. The 2008 Guidelines for
Applying Protected Area Management Categories (hereafter
referred to as the 2008 Guidelines) provide considerable detail
on the use and application of the categories, including for
marine protected areas (MPAs). Specific sections of the 2008
Guidelines are referred to throughout these supplementary
guidelines, and the section in the 2008 Guidelines that deals
with MPAs can be found on pages 55–58.
However, with the smaller number of MPAs compared
with terrestrial protected areas, there is less experience
and understanding of applying the categories to MPAs.
Application of the categories to MPAs has often been
inaccurate and inconsistent. For example, it is considered
(Wood, pers. comm., 2012) that, of those MPAs that have
been categorised, about 50% have been wrongly allocated
because the name of the MPA (e.g. National Park, Sanctuary,
etc.) has been used to determine the category, rather than
the management objectives that the MPA was established
to achieve. Confusion has also arisen when sites have been
incorrectly assigned on the basis of activities that occur rather
than by using the stated management objectives. Where
protected areas include both land and sea, the objectives for
the marine component of the protected area are often not
considered when assigning the site’s category. Finally, since
2008 several World Conservation Congress resolutions have
changed IUCN policy regarding protected areas, and these are
also noted in this supplementary guidance.
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Keywords : livelihood enhancement
Encoded by : Pauline Carmel Joy Eje
